Birth to a Russian parent creates nationality regardless of birthplace. Birth in Russia to foreign parents is not unrestricted jus soli; territorial birth confers citizenship only to prevent statelessness.
A spouse married to a Russian for at least three years may use the simplified order, without the minimum residence requirement.
A child of a Russian citizen parent is a Russian citizen (jus sanguinis), regardless of birthplace.
The general procedure requires roughly five years of permanent residence plus Russian-language proficiency, knowledge of history and law, and a lawful source of income. Grant is discretionary.
The 2023 law keeps simplified routes that cut or waive the ordinary residence requirement, including recognized native Russian speakers and descendants of persons who permanently resided in the USSR or the Russian Empire.