A child born in Colombia to foreign parents is Colombian by birth when at least one parent was domiciled in Colombia at the time of birth; a separate exception protects a child whom no state recognizes as a national.
A foreigner married to a Colombian may obtain nationality after two years of domicile, instead of five.
A person born abroad to a Colombian mother or father is Colombian by birth after registering at a Colombian consulate or becoming domiciled in Colombia.
Law 2332 generally requires five years of continuous domicile as a Resident Visa holder counted from Resident Visa issuance. The domicile floor falls to two years for a Colombian spouse or permanent partner, a Colombian child, a Spanish national, or where reciprocal treatment by the origin state is verified. Naturalization remains discretionary.
Sources: Colombia Law 2332 of 2023 — nationality · Colombia Cancilleria — naturalization requirements
Colombia's current student route is a Visitor (V) visa. The Foreign Ministry states that study time does not count toward a Resident (R) visa by accumulated time; article 90 lists qualifying Migrant (M) categories and does not include the V student visa.
Sources: Colombia Foreign Ministry — Visa FAQ · Colombia Resolution 5477 of 2022 · Colombia Foreign Ministry — V Student Visa